SFRA
sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA)
GO TO ELECRICALTECHFAMILY
IT is a powerful and sensative method to evalute the mechanical intigrity of core winding and clamping structure of power transformer by measuring their electrical transfer functions over a wide frequency range. SFRA is a proven method for frequency measurements.
METHODS
The SFRA is a comparitive method meaning an evaluation of the transformer condition is done by comparing an actual set of SFRA results to reference results. Three methods are commonly used to assess the measured traces:
- Time-based – current SFRA results will be compared to previous results of the same unit.
- Type-based – SFRA of one transformer will be compared to an equal type of transformer.
- Phase comparison – SFRA results of one phase will be compared to the results of the other phases of the same transformer.
How SFRA works
Transformers consist of multiple complex networks of capacitances and resistors that can generate a unique signature when tested at discreet frequencies and plotted as a curve. The distance between conductors of the transformer forms a capacitance. Any movement of the conductors or windings will change this capacitance. This capacitance being a part of complex L (inductance), R (Resistance) and C (Capacitance) network, any change in this capacitance will be reflected in the curve or signature.
An initial SFRA test is carried out to obtain the signature of the transformer frequency response by injecting various discreet frequencies. This reference is then used for future comparisons. A change in winding position, degradation in the insulation, etc. will result in change in capacitance or inductance thereby affecting the measured curves.
Tests are carried out periodically or during major external events like short circuits and results compared against the initial signature to test for any problems. The basic functionality of SFRA supports following measuring modes. voltage transferfunction Vo/Vi(f) SFRA test reveals if the transformers mechanical or electrical integrity has been compromised.
PROBLEMS THAT CAN BE DETECTED
sfra can detect problems as following of a transformer :-
- winding deformation – axial & radial, like hoop buckling, tilting, spiraling
- displacements between high and low voltage windings
- partial winding collapse
- shorted or open turns
- faulty grounding of core or screens
- core movement
- broken clamping structures
- problematic internal connections
USES OF SFRA
- Periodic checks as part of regular maintenance
- Immediately after a major external event like short circuit
- Transportation or relocation of transformer
- Earthquakes
- Pre-commissioning check
- To obtain initial signature of healthy transformer for future comparisons
SFRA KITS AND EQUIPMENTS
venable instruments:-model 350c frequency response analyzer
- Newtons4th: SFRA45 Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer
- : M5200/M5400 Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer
- Megger: FRAX99/101/150 Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer
- VE000660 SFRA analyzer complete set
- SIVA Instrument: Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer
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